Halloween

TSG translation wish you a happy Halloween 

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California Apostille - Translations

City of Bologna Takes Action to Stabilize Iconic Leaning Garisenda Tower

 The recent discovery of the structure of the Garisenda tower in Bologna has important implications for the city and its citizens.

Oct 19, 2023
Summary

The Garisenda tower is one of Bologna's two leaning towers, along with the Asinelli tower. It has been leaning since it was built in the 12th century, and its tilt has gradually increased over time. In recent years, concerns have grown about the stability of the tower, and it has been closed to the public.

In 2023, a team of scientists conducted a detailed study of the tower's structure. They used a variety of methods, including laser scanning and ground penetrating radar, to create a 3D model of the tower's interior. This model revealed that the tower's foundations are unstable, and that the tower is at risk of collapse.

Actions the city will take

The city of Bologna is taking a number of actions to address the safety concerns posed by the Garisenda tower. These actions include:

• Continuing to monitor the tower's movement.
• Carrying out further studies to better understand the tower's structure and the factors that are contributing to its instability.
• Developing a plan to stabilize the tower and prevent it from collapsing.

Implications for citizens

The closure of the Garisenda tower is a significant loss for the city of Bologna. The tower is a popular tourist attraction, and it is also an important part of the city's history and culture.

The closure of the tower also has implications for the businesses and residents in the surrounding area. The tower is located in a central part of the city, and its closure has disrupted traffic and pedestrian flow.

According to BolognaToday, the people of Bologna have been used to taking the bus to Piazza Maggiore for decades, now this will no longer be possible for those coming from Via San Vitale." Mayor Matteo Lepore was lapidary as he and his council have been busy monitoring the Garisenda Tower in recent weeks, after the alarm raised by the sensors installed in the area and the decision to make the area pedestrian for several years.

"It can be pedestrianized under the two towers. I believe it is also a dream - he told reporters yesterday - if we had had to plan it, we would have done it in very different times, now we had to do it, and not, I repeat, for the passage of buses, but because the container of the tower takes up Via San Vitale", said the mayor on the sidelines of the press conference on the subject, also announcing that the stretch of Via San Vitale towards Porta Ravegnana "will be pedestrianized for the next few years

Other related issues or facts

The recent discovery of the structure of the Garisenda tower has raised concerns about the safety of other leaning towers in Italy. There are dozens of leaning towers in Italy, and some of them are thought to be at risk of collapse.

The Italian government is taking steps to address the safety concerns posed by leaning towers. These steps include:

• Conducting surveys to identify leaning towers that are at risk of collapse.
• Developing plans to stabilize these towers and prevent them from collapsing.
• Raising public awareness about the dangers of leaning towers.

The discovery of the structure of the Garisenda tower is a reminder that we must be vigilant in protecting our cultural heritage. We must also be mindful of the risks posed by aging infrastructure, and we must take steps to mitigate these risks.

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California Apostille - Translations

Tigelle from a tigelleria flatbread Italy: Emilia-Romagna, Reggio Emilia

 A tigelleria is a restaurant that specializes in tigelle, a type of Italian flatbread that is made from a dough of flour, water, and yeast. It is cooked in a special cast iron pan called a tigelliera. Tigelle are typically served with fillings such as prosciutto, mortadella, cheese, and vegetables.

Tigelleria is a popular dish in the regions of Emilia-Romagna region of Italy. They are most popular in the provinces of Modena and Reggio Emilia, but they can also be found in other parts of the region, such as Parma, Bologna, and Ferrara.

Tigelle are small, round breads that are about 3-4 inches in diameter. They have a crispy crust and a soft, chewy interior. Tigelle are typically served warm and fresh from the tigelliera.

To eat tigelle, simply split one open and fill it with your desired fillings. Some popular tigelle fillings include:

• Prosciutto and mozzarella
• Mortadella and stracchino cheese
• Salami and gorgonzola cheese
• Roasted vegetables and pesto
• Nutella and mascarpone

Tigelle can be eaten as a snack, appetizer, or main course. They are often served with a side of salad or soup.

What do you need to make tigelle?

• A large bowl for mixing the dough
• A wooden spoon or stand mixer for mixing the dough
• A rolling pin for rolling out the dough
• A tigelliera, or cast iron pan for cooking the tigelle
• A spatula for flipping the tigelle

How do you make tigelle?

Ingredients:

• 500g of 00 flour
• 200g of warm water
• 100g of warm milk
• 10g of dry yeast
• 30g of lard
• 10g of salt

Instructions:

1. In a large bowl, combine the flour, yeast dissolved in warm water, warm milk, lard, and salt.
2. Knead the dough well until it is smooth and elastic.
3. Cover the dough with a damp cloth and let it rise in a warm place for about 2 hours, or until it has doubled in size.
4. Once the dough has risen, roll it out on a lightly floured surface to a thickness of about 2mm.
5. Cut out rounds of dough using a cookie cutter or pastry cutter that is about 10cm in diameter.
6. Cook the tigelle in a hot tigelliera, or cast iron pan, for about 2-3 minutes per side, or until they are golden brown.
7. Serve the tigelle hot and filled with your favorite toppings.

Tips for making the perfect tigelle:

• Use 00 flour for a lighter and more digestible dough.
• Use warm milk to activate the yeast.
• Don't over-proof the dough, otherwise the tigelle will be too soft.
• Cook the tigelle over medium-high heat to prevent them from burning.

Some tigelle fillings:

• Prosciutto and cheese
• Mortadella and stracchino cheese
• Salami and gorgonzola cheese
• Roasted vegetables and pesto
• Nutella and mascarpone

Variations:

• For a more rustic version, substitute whole wheat flour for the 00 flour.
• For a more flavorful version, add 1 teaspoon of dried oregano or a pinch of pepper to the dough.
• For a vegetarian version, substitute grilled or stir-fried vegetables for the prosciutto or mortadella.

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Tigelleria 051

Via S. Gervasio, 1e, 40121 Bologna BO

Tigelleria 051 is a restaurant in Bologna, Italy that specializes in tigelle, a type of Italian flatbread. They offer a variety of different tigelle fillings, as well as other types of food, such as salads, appetizers, and desserts.

Here are some of the types of food that you can find at Tigelleria 051:

• Tigelle with a variety of different fillings, such as mortadella and stracchino cheese, prosciutto and Parmesan cheese, gorgonzola cheese and walnuts, pesto and grilled vegetables, and Nutella and mascarpone cheese.
• Salads, such as the insalata mista (mixed salad) and the insalata di spinaci e noci (spinach and walnut salad).
• Appetizers, such as the crostini misti (mixed crostini) and the tagliere di salumi e formaggi (cold cuts and cheese platter).
• Desserts, such as the tiramisu and the panna cotta.

Tigelleria 051 also offers a variety of different drinks, including wine, beer, and cocktails.

If you are looking for a delicious and authentic Italian experience, I highly recommend visiting Tigelleria 051. You won't be disappointed!

Una tigelleria è un tipo di pane piatto italiano che viene fatto con un impasto di farina, acqua e lievito. Viene cotto in una speciale padella di ghisa chiamata tigelliera. Le tigelle sono tipicamente servite con ripieni come prosciutto, mortadella, formaggio e verdure. La tigelleria è un piatto popolare nelle regioni di Modena, Toscana e Veneto in Italia.

Ecco una descrizione più dettagliata di una tigelleria:

• Le tigelle sono piccole, tonde e hanno circa 3-4 pollici di diametro. Hanno una crosta croccante e un interno morbido e elastico.
• Le tigelle sono tipicamente servite calde e fresche dalla tigelliera.
• Per mangiare una tigella, basta aprirla a metà e farcirla con il ripieno desiderato. Alcuni ripieni di tigelle popolari includono:
  • Prosciutto e mozzarella
  • Mortadella e stracchino
  • Salame e gorgonzola
  • Verdure arrosto e pesto
  • Nutella e mascarpone
• Le tigelle possono essere consumate come spuntino, antipasto o piatto principale. Sono spesso servite con un contorno di insalata o zuppa.

Se stai cercando un pasto italiano delizioso e autentico, ti consiglio vivamente di provare la tigelleria. È un piatto unico e saporito che sicuramente piacerà a tutti a tavola.

Ecco alcuni esempi di come usare la parola "tigelleria" in una frase:

• "Oggi andiamo a mangiare in una tigelleria?"
• "La tigelleria è un piatto tipico dell'Emilia-Romagna."
• "La tigelleria è un'ottima idea per una cena informale con gli amici."

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Sergio Musetti Translations

I am an affiliate of the products or services mentioned in this article, and I may earn a commission if you make a purchase through one of my affiliate links.

Thyroid Health

What is the Thyroid Gland? The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the front of the neck, just below the Adam's apple. It is part of the endocrine system, which produces and releases hormones into the bloodstream. Hormones are chemical messengers that travel throughout the body and control many different functions. The thyroid gland produces two main hormones: thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). T4 is converted to T3 in the body, and T3 is the biologically active form of the thyroid hormone. Thyroid hormones regulate many important processes in the body, including: Metabolism: The rate at which the body converts food into energy Heart rate and blood pressure Brain development and function Muscle strength and endurance Bone growth and maintenance Body temperature Mood and energy levels Thyroid hormones are essential for normal growth and development in children and adolescents. They also play an important role in maintaining health and well-being in adults. If the thyroid gland does not produce enough thyroid hormone, it can lead to a condition called hypothyroidism. Symptoms of hypothyroidism can include fatigue, weight gain, sensitivity to cold, constipation, and dry skin. If the thyroid gland produces too much thyroid hormone, it can lead to a condition called hyperthyroidism. Symptoms of hyperthyroidism can include anxiety, restlessness, insomnia, weight loss, sensitivity to heat, and a rapid heart rate.
------------ What are thyroid hormones? Thyroid hormones are hormones produced by the thyroid gland. The two main thyroid hormones are thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). T4 is the most abundant thyroid hormone, but it is relatively inactive. T3 is the biologically active form of the thyroid hormone, and it is produced in the body from T4. Thyroid hormones regulate many important processes in the body, including: Metabolism: The rate at which the body converts food into energy Heart rate and blood pressure Brain development and function Muscle strength and endurance Bone growth and maintenance Body temperature Mood and energy levels Thyroid hormones are essential for normal growth and development in children and adolescents. They also play an important role in maintaining health and well-being in adults. Thyroid hormones are made from iodine, a mineral that is found in food and water. It is important to consume enough iodine to ensure that the thyroid gland can produce enough thyroid hormone. If the thyroid gland does not produce enough thyroid hormone, it can lead to a condition called hypothyroidism. Symptoms of hypothyroidism can include fatigue, weight gain, sensitivity to cold, constipation, and dry skin. If the thyroid gland produces too much thyroid hormone, it can lead to a condition called hyperthyroidism. Symptoms of hyperthyroidism can include anxiety, restlessness, insomnia, weight loss, sensitivity to heat, and a rapid heart rate.
-------------- What are the functions of thyroid hormones? Thyroid hormones play a role in regulating many important bodily functions, including: Metabolism: Thyroid hormones control the rate at which the body converts food into energy. This is known as the metabolic rate. A higher metabolic rate means that the body burns more calories, even at rest. Heart rate and blood pressure: Thyroid hormones help to regulate heart rate and blood pressure. Brain development and function: Thyroid hormones are essential for normal brain development and function in children and adolescents. They also play a role in cognitive function in adults. Muscle strength and endurance: Thyroid hormones help to regulate muscle strength and endurance. Bone growth and maintenance: Thyroid hormones are important for normal bone growth and maintenance. Body temperature: Thyroid hormones help to regulate body temperature. Mood and energy levels: Thyroid hormones can affect mood and energy levels. Thyroid hormones are essential for overall health and well-being. If the thyroid gland does not produce enough thyroid hormone (hypothyroidism) or produces too much thyroid hormone (hyperthyroidism), it can lead to a variety of health problems. Here are some specific examples of how thyroid hormones function in the body: Thyroid hormones increase the production of heat in the body, which helps to maintain body temperature. Thyroid hormones increase the heart rate, which helps to deliver more oxygen and nutrients to the tissues. Thyroid hormones increase the breakdown of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins, which provides the body with energy. Thyroid hormones promote the growth and development of the brain and nervous system. Thyroid hormones help to maintain muscle strength and function. Thyroid hormones help to maintain bone density. Thyroid hormones can affect mood and energy levels.
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Why is it important to have a healthy thyroid? It is important to have a healthy thyroid because thyroid hormones play a role in regulating many important bodily functions, including: Metabolism: Thyroid hormones control the rate at which the body converts food into energy. This is known as the metabolic rate. A healthy metabolic rate is important for maintaining a healthy weight and overall health. Heart rate and blood pressure: Thyroid hormones help to regulate heart rate and blood pressure. A healthy heart rate and blood pressure are important for reducing the risk of heart disease and stroke. Brain development and function: Thyroid hormones are essential for normal brain development and function in children and adolescents. They also play a role in cognitive function in adults. Muscle strength and endurance: Thyroid hormones help to regulate muscle strength and endurance. This is important for physical activity and maintaining a healthy weight. Bone growth and maintenance: Thyroid hormones are important for normal bone growth and maintenance. This is important for reducing the risk of osteoporosis and fractures. Body temperature: Thyroid hormones help to regulate body temperature. A healthy body temperature is important for overall health and well-being. Mood and energy levels: Thyroid hormones can affect mood and energy levels. A healthy thyroid can help to improve mood and energy levels.

If the thyroid gland does not produce enough thyroid hormone (hypothyroidism) or produces too much thyroid hormone (hyperthyroidism), it can lead to a variety of health problems, including: Weight gain or loss
Fatigue
Changes in heart rate and blood pressure
Mood changes
Difficulty concentrating
Muscle weakness
Constipation
Dry skin
Hair loss
Sensitivity to heat or cold
Menstrual irregularities
Infertility





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California Apostille - Translations

Bologna Food Experience

Follow your senses on a full-day culinary to our of Bologna’s famous food region. Visit local factories and family-run producers for a behind-the-scenes look at the creation of products enjoyed around the world, including Parmigiano-Reggiano cheese, Modena balsamic vinegar, prosciutto, and wine. Enjoy samples of fresh, hand-crafted products along the way and indulge in breakfast and multi-course Italian lunch with wine pairings. It’s a fantastic way to immerse yourself in the sights, smells, and tastes of Emilia-Romagna! Full-day culinary tour of Bologna province Tour local factories and small family-run producers to see how regional products are made Taste authentic Parmigiano-Reggiano cheese, Modena balsamic vinegar, and prosciutto Savor a delicious breakfast and traditional Italian lunch with wine pairings Experience the beauty of Emilia-Romagna’s countryside Why Travelers Choose This Tour Start early to see how Parmigiano made, then pair breakfast plus lunch with wine. 
Read more about Factory tours & family style lunch at Bologna Food Experience

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California Apostille - Translations

About Bologna readings

Activities in Bologna

Bradt's new Emilia-Romagna is the most thorough and in-depth guide available to this entire north Italian region (not just Bologna and the main cities) with a strong focus on history, background information, art and culture, as well as extensive detail on the Apennines along the Tuscan border, where you can escape the flatlands of the Po and go trekking, cycling and skiing. Here are some of region's prettiest villages, including Vignola, famous for cherries and lovely medieval Castell'Arquato and Brisighella. To the east, the Romagna part of this hyphenated region boasts long sandy Adriatic beaches, wildlife-filled lagoons around the Po Delta, and the world's smallest republic, San Marino...

This pocket-sized guide is a convenient, quick-reference companion to discovering what to do, what to see and how to get around Bologna. It covers top attractions like Santo Stefano, le Duo Torri and San Luca, to cultural gems, including the show-stopping Neptune's Fountain in the heart of the city, the Palazzo dell'Archignnasio, a former university building with anatomical theatre where human corpses were dissected, and the monumental Basilica di San Petronio, one of Italy's most imposing Gothic churches...

In Everyday Crime, Criminal Justice and Gender in Early Modern Bologna Sanne Muurling offers a historical account of the gender dynamics of crime and criminal litigation in the city of Bologna (Italy) during the 17th and 18th centuries.